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Radiation Safety In Shelters

FEMA   CPG 2-6.4   September 23, 1983

Handbook for finding and providing the best protection in shelters
with the use of instruments for detecting radiation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  PAGE
Cover & Forward cover
CHECKLIST "A" FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION (Yellow Pages) ix
CHECKLIST "B" STANDARD CHECKLIST FOR RADIOLOGICAL MONITORS (Blue Pages) xiii
   
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION  
   
Why You Need This Handbook 1-1
Selection of Radiological Monitors 1-2
Definitions of Special Terms 1-2
What is Nuclear Radiation? 1-2
How Radioactive Fallout is Produced 1-3
How Nuclear Radiation Harms Our Bodies 1-4
  Alpha Radiation 1-4
  Beta Radiation 1-4
  Gamma Radiation 1-4
How Quantities of Nuclear Radiation are Measured 1-4
How Much Nuclear Radiation is Harmful? 1-5
  Natural Background Levels 1-5
  Symptoms of Radiation Injury 1-5
  Effects and Levels of Sickness from Brief Exposure 1-6
  Long-Term Effects 1-8
  Contamination of Food and Water 1-9
How You Can Shield Yourself from Gamma Radiation 1-10
How Fallout Radioactivity Arrives and Decays 1-12
  Fallout from One Weapon 1-12
  Fallout from Many Weapons 1-12
  After Fallout Stops Coming Down 1-13
  The Seven-Ten Rule 1-13
  Radioactive Decay 1-15
  Rainout 1-15
   
CHAPTER 2 - INSTRUMENTS FOR DETECTING NUCLEAR RADIATION  
   
What Is Needed 2-1
What If There Are No Instruments? 2-1
The Survey Meter 2-2
The Dosimeter 2-3
The Dosimeter Charger 2-4
   
CHAPTER 3 - HOW TO GET YOUR RADIOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS READY FOR OPERATION  
   
Before You Begin 3-1
Preparation for Using the Survey Meter 3-1
  Preliminary 3-1
  Installing the Battery in the Survey Meter 3-1
  Checking the Battery and the Instrument (operational check) 3-2
  Reading the Survey Meter 3-4
  Troubleshooting the Survey Meter 3-7
Preparation for Using the Dosimeter Charger 3-7
  Preliminary 3-7
  Installing the Battery in the Charger 3-8
  Checking the Battery and the Dosimeter Charger (operational check) 3-8
  Troubleshooting the Dosimeter Charger 3-12
Preparation for Using the Dosimeter 3-13
  Preliminary 3-13
  Charging or Zeroing the Dosimeter 3-13
  Checking the Dosimeter for Leaks 3-15
  Reading the Dosimeter 3-16
   
CHAPTER 4 - RADIATION SAFETY PROCEDURES  
   
Introduction 4-1
Before Fallout Arrives 4-1
  Organization of Shelter Population 4-2
  Checking Out the Shelter 4-4
    Best Protection 4-5
    Space 4-8
    Radiation Safety Improvement 4-10
    Openings and Ventilation 4-10
    Materials for Shielding 4-12
    Entranceway Problems 4-12
    Restroom and Water Locations 4-13
    Dosimeter Locations 4-13
    Instrument Storage 4-14
    Light Sources 4-14
    Writing Supplies 4-14
  Getting and Checking the Instruments 4-15
  Informing the People in the Shelter About Radiation Exposure 4-15
Watching for Fallout to Arrive 4-16
While Fallout is Coming Down 4-19
  Decontamination of People Caught in Fallout 4-19
  Finding the Places with the Lowest Radiation Levels in the Shelter 4-20
  The Time-Averaging Method 4-22
  Finding and Covering Up "Leaks" in Gamma Shielding 4-27
  Gamma Shielding by People 4-31
  Keeping Track of Everyone's Radiation Exposure (Group Dosimetry) 4-32
After Fallout Has Stopped Coming Down 4-33
  Forecasting Radiation Exposure 4-33
  The Penalty Table 4-37
  Use of the Penalty Table as a Guide for Operations 4-38
  Checking Radiation Levels Beyond the Immediate Shelter Area 4-40
  Leaving the Shelter 4-42
   
APPENDICES  
   
A. Glossary A-1
B. Conversion of Standard Time Designation to Twenty-Four Hour Time B-1
C. Bibliography C-1
D. Acknowledgement D-1
Sample Forms for RADIATION EXPOSURE RECORD forms


Adobe Acrobat PDF File of this "Radiation Safety In Shelters" book is at...
http://www.survivalring.org/RadiationSafetyInShelters.pdf


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